The Prevalence Of Eating Disorders - 1051 Words

Though eating disorders are inextricably linked to genetics, the environment also largely determines them. Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and most recently Binge eating are three central types of eating disorders cited in the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Eating Disorders (DSM-5, 2015). The prevalence of eating disorders is fundamentally a result of Western cultures construction of thinness as an ideal form of beauty. Eating disorders are often discounted as a myth of white privilege. Those in developing countries suffer from malnourishment; so the notion that people willingly restrict their diet is inconceivable to them. However, developing an eating disorder is simply one way of dealing with an issue (actually avoiding) that may†¦show more content†¦With the right support and guidance, each of us encompasses the power to restore positive self-schemas. Although a small percentage of the population are cited as having had an eating disorder, majority of the population has been perplexed with their body image. Our aspiration to be perfect is exploited to sell products and reap profits in the commercial industry. For example, infomercials on cosmetic surgery encourage men and women at a high price to engage in dangerous weight loss practices to receive immediate results. These include liposuction, tummy tucks, or extreme muscle enhancements advertisements. Here, marketers seek to exploit your insecurities and provide you with solutions (at a steep price). The cost is not only financial, but a deathly one. For instance, clients with Anorexia Nervosa starve themselves until they are skin and bones and those with Bulimia Nervosa purge and vomit to compensate. If binge eating behaviours are common among adolescents, how do psychologists distinguish between a person who indulges and one with a clinical disorder? For instance, those who engage in four to seven episodes of inappropriate compensatory behaviours perk week would be diagnosed with a moderate form of binge eating disorder (3, 2015). I consider myself someone who binge eats a few times a month, but I don’t believe I fit into the mild quota either. I typically binge eat when I am feeling

Review of Chinatown Free Essays

Polanski’s Chinatown is a classic of 1970’s cinema, as it tells a tale of murder, due to greed and the political issue of the drought in California. Jack Nicholson, who superbly plays the character of Jack Gittes, is a detective who investigates matters considering adultery. A woman by the name of Evelyn Mulwray insists that her husband is having an affair, asking for Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Chinatown or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gittes to find out the truth, although it is not until later on when the photos of Mr. Gittes and a lady have been released into the media that he realises the lady was an imposter. Evelyn Mulwray who is played by the renowned, Faye Dunaway, plays a character that is mentally unstable, although portrays herself as being strong and powerful. Jack Gittes becomes infatuated with the mystery of the murder and the water project, in which he begins to see holes in the lies being fed to him as he searches for answers. As he and widowed Evelyn grow closer, so does the truth and a resolution. Through this Polanski keeps his viewers on their seats, as they watch this thriller, as they along with Jack Gittes try to piece together the truth. Polanski portrays the aura of the era with sophistication, weaving music and a great choice of settings to give the viewer a feel of the time and culture. The clothing, the cars, the constant habit of smoking gives a picture of Los Angeles, California in the 1940’s and how it has evidently changed to today’s culture and society. Throughout the movie the viewer is able to grasp numerous issues that are still apparent today, particularly corruption and greed and the way in which people’s decisions are influenced by them. The role and status of women is pointed at throughout the film, with Mrs. Evelyn Mulwray acting as a figure of feminism, in freely having affairs and taking the reins when it was required of her. Her turning point in the film shows her strength as a woman, even though being raped by your own father would be mentally disturbing in every nature. In this scene the viewer is represented with the ideas of cunning men in a patriarchal society and how this was abused. Noah Cross: Katherine! I, I’m your grandfather, my dear. I’m your grandfather. How to cite Review of Chinatown, Essay examples

Hearing Loss and Incident Dementia

Question: Discuss about the Hearing Loss and Incident Dementia. Answer: Introduction: This kind of disability results into abrupt or gradual decrease in an individuals ability to hear. Hearing impairment can be classified as moderate, profound and severe. It can also be categorized as conductive and sensorineural (Lin et.al, 2011). Where the conductive hearing loss comes as a result of the effect to the outer and the middle ear while sensorineural is as a result of the damage to various sensory organs in the inner ear. Conditions resulting to hearing impairment Hearing impairment can be as a result of several factors ranging from changes in the auditory nerve system of the ear, physical changes to failure of the brain to process sound leading inability to hear (Lin et.al, 2011). The blockage of the ear canal by ear wax build up or purse from damaged parts of the middle ear such as the skin of the ear canal. Also, effect from other diseases such as arthritis affecting the ear bones. Further, the presence of a whole in the ear drum also results into hearing loss. Moreover, the exposure to too much noise and ototoxicity courses the hearing loss. Another condition is old age which results into various changes within the structures of the ear more significantly the cochlea. Challenges of hearing loss to old people Hearing loss among the aged individuals has got a lot challenges to the group as follows. One of the challenge is that they experience difficulty following doctors medications prescriptions. The other challenge is that adults with hearing impairment are vulnerable to accidents as they have difficulty responding to warning. They also have challenges of inability to talk to family and friends thus most of the time isolated from their families and ending relationships with friends (Lin et.al, 2011). Reference Lin, F. R., Ferrucci, L., Metter, E. J., An, Y., Zonderman, A. B., Resnick, S. M. (2011). Hearing loss and cognition in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Neuropsychology, 25(6), 763. Lin, F. R., Metter, E. J., OBrien, R. J., Resnick, S. M., Zonderman, A. B., Ferrucci, L. (2011). Hearing loss and incident dementia. Archives of neurology, 68(2), 214-220.

Ways in Which Work Has Been Understood By Various Theorists

Karl max and the concept of alienation On his part, Karl Max understood work as alienating. His argument was based on the capitalistic mode of production which has its roots in the industrial revolution of 1600. This mode of production is characterised by two groups of people namely the capitalists and the proletariats. According to Karl max, the proletariats own nothing except their labour, which they sale at cheap price to the capitalists (Wharton 44).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Ways in Which Work Has Been Understood By Various Theorists specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The concept of alienation simply means the existence of some dividing forces between things which are essentially supposed to be in harmony with each other. For example, man created and discovered religion, but the same man subjects himself to uncomfortable religious beliefs or practices like refusing to take medicine due to reli gious beliefs. In this situation, religion makes man to be uneasy, yet it is the same man who creates the religion (Wharton 45). Max argued that the ideal purpose of work was to make man happy by enabling him move towards the actualization levels in his life. But due to the capitalistic economy, work is no longer playing its primary function in man, but rather, it is alienating him. According to Max, man can be alienated in three major ways namely the alienation from the results of labour, alienation from the other workers and alienation of the worker from him or herself (Wharton 45). Alienation from the results of labour happens when man works but he does not have a stake in the products of his labour and only gets his wages, which are way below the worth of the products of his labour. This is what Karl max calls exploitation, which creates profits in form of surplus. Paradoxically, the surplus is not attributed to the workers but rather to the capitalists (Wharton 49). Alienation from other workers takes place when the worker is transformed into a commodity to be used in the competitive capitalist economy. In this situation, the worker is not viewed as a social being but is tied to his or her work, in which he or she is paid as per his or her output.Advertising Looking for critical writing on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Alienation of the worker from himself takes place when the worker is robbed of his ability or opportunity to enjoy the intrinsic value of work. In the capitalistic economy, personal lives are separated from work, meaning that the worker is transformed into a machine. This makes him or her to work for the sake of working, but not as a way of serving other humanity or quenching his passion to work in a certain field (Wharton 51). Max weber and bureaucracy This theoretical approach was formed by Max Weber in 1947.The approach conceptualizes organisations as being guide d by hierarchical chains of command, in which decisions were made based on the top down approach. Those who are at the top management positions are responsible for making the decisions while their juniors are responsible for the execution of those decisions. In the hierarchy, each position is composed of specific roles and responsibilities as well as some amount of authority to make decisions or to command other workforce down the hierarchy (Wharton 51). Weber conceptualizes organisations as being characterized by division of labour and specialization. Each position in the hierarchy is held by specialized individuals or bureaucrats who have acquired education and training on that particular position. The specializations are accompanied by some powers and authorities depending on the position in the hierarchy (Wharton 51). Weber views organisations as being guided by formal regulations and rules which are formed and communicated well within the organisation. There are the rules of co nduct in the workplace which govern things like working hours, holidays, offs, the language to be used, communication protocols within the organisation based on the hierarchy, and the communication channel regarding assignments for specific positions in the hierarchy. These rules and regulations govern the procedures and the processes of the organisation so as to give it an identity as well as stability and make it possible to predict it’s because everything is planned in advance and followed to the letter without failure or compromise (Wharton 52).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Ways in Which Work Has Been Understood By Various Theorists specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Weber views organisations as being characterized or guided by rationality. Employees are selected not on the basis of friendship but on merit and their qualifications. Weber’s approach does not encourage the mixing of f riendship or family issues with organisational business. All employees are therefore selected in a transparent and competitive process which is free from any form of bias. The same applies to employee remunerations. Each and every employee is remunerated as per his or her position, qualifications and rank in the organisation, meaning that those who are at the top get higher remunerations than those who are at the bottom in the hierarchy. In terms of responsibilities, those at the bottom are more involved with organisational activities while those at the top are mostly concerned with policy issues and public relations activities and are less involved in the daily running of the organisations (Wharton 54). Weber’s approach recognizes positions in the hierarchy by their designations but not by the individuals who hold them. This is to say that there is no personification of ranks within the organisation which ensures that authority is respected and reduces subjectivity as it inc reases objectivity in the organisational undertakings (Wharton 56). Frederick Winslow Taylor and scientific management The theory of scientific management was developed by Taylor in the year 1947.The theory focuses on the importance of planning of work. Taylor argued that planning of work was very important for organisations to achieve standardization, efficiency, simplification and specialization (Wharton 57). According to Taylor, increased productivity is brought about by mutual trust between the management and the workers, which is possible to be increased through: eliminating or minimizing anxiety and physical stress in the work as much as possible; ensuring that the merits of increased production of the organisation go directly to the workers; developing the capabilities of workers through training and elimination of the old age â€Å"boss† concept in management of organisations (Wharton 62). Taylor’s approach is characterised by the following principles: the scie ntific selection, teaching and development of workforce for organisations; scientific training of workforce done by experts using scientific methods or criteria; scientific constructions or compositions of all elements of employees’ work and the collaboration of all organisational members or workforce in their work, based on the principles of organisations so as to increase coordination and uniformity in their work (Wharton 65).Advertising Looking for critical writing on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Who defines the parameters of work? The parameters of work are the boundaries or limitations of work. They may include things like job design, descriptions and remunerations. In a capitalistic mode of production, the guiding principle is that of extraction of wealth. What this means is that a person should maximise on the savings and minimise on the expenses irrespective of the costs or side effects (Wharton 71). As mentioned earlier in the discussion, the two key players in the capitalistic mode of production are the capitalist and the proletariat. The capitalist owns the means of production while the proletariat owns nothing other than his or her labour, which is exploited by the capitalist for his or her own benefits with the proletariat receiving insignificant remunerations in form of wages (Wharton 72). What this means is that the capitalist, who is also known as the bourgeoisie is the one who defines the parameters of work. This is because he owns the means of production major ly in form of capital. The bourgeoisie designs the work by coming up with job designs, descriptions and terms and conditions of employment. The reason why it is the capitalist who defines the parameters of work is because the capitalistic mode of production requires the capitalist to spend as little as possible in terms of capital, but derive as much output as possible. They do this mostly to maximise on the productivity of their employees, which leads to surplus and consequently the exploitation of the proletariat (Wharton 78). The key historical conceptions about work and how the new workplace is organised Historically, wok was conceptualized as being rigid, individualized and aimed at attaining maximum efficiency. The organisations were vertically structured with strict chains of command. Decisions were made based on the top down approach and employee flexibility was not encouraged. Organisations did not value employee creativity or innovativeness nor did they invest in human res ource development. Organisations concentrated in going it alone so as to beat the others and did not consider creating cohesive organisational cultures. Work was therefore greatly mechanized and employees perceived as robots to be manipulated by the management to bring certain results for the organisations (Wharton 80). On the other hand, the modern workplace is organised in a different way. First of all, many organisations have matrix and less rigid organisational structures which encourage flexibility in one’s job. Decision making is also highly decentralised to teams, which come up with their own schedules and team leaders. The new workplace is also characterized by complex relationships and cooperation between various departments of organisation as well as the creation of a cohesive organisational culture for the organisations. Many organisations are investing in human resource development as a competitive strategy (Wharton 89). How technology and flexibility on the job h ave changed the social organisation of work One of the key drivers in the transformation of the workplace is technology. Technology has revolutionized the way organisations execute their business as well as the social organisation of work. Nowadays, it is very easy to pass a communication to a massive number of employees through a click of a mouse. This has led to the liberalization of work, in which employees are given the leeway to work at their conveniences, meaning that it is not a must for them to be at the workplace all the time in order for them to be considered to have worked. This has reduced social conduct between the employees (Wharton 122). The tasks performed by the employees have also been influenced by technology. Of main concern is that technology has enabled employees to access a lot of information which they were not able to access before. This has increased the levels of understanding of the employees’ tasks hence improved their performance and productivity (Wharton 124). How understandings of human relations has shifted as a result of these transformations in the workplace The classical management approaches viewed employees as objects to be managed or manipulated by the management to produce certain results. The approaches did not have room for employees’ creativity, innovativeness or flexibility in their duties, but rather, employees were supposed to work under strict guidelines and time so as to produce specified results within a specified period of time, with dire consequences for not meeting the specified requirements or standards. However, the modern approaches are characterized by a radical departure from scientific management to the human relations approach (Wharton 145). This approach views employees as social beings complete with feelings, emotions and needs. The approach pays attention to employee motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic). The approach is based on the systems theory, which looks at organisations as being made of various subsystems, which work in harmony with each other for the benefit of the whole. The employees are one of the many subsystems and therefore there is need of having in place a culture which fosters employee commitment and dedication to organisational objectives and goals (Wharton 168). The features of the new economy The new economy is characterized by lean and flexible production, emphasis on human capital as opposed to financial capital, change management, continuous innovation, research and development, liberalized organisational structure, emphasis on market capitalization instead of profits, e-business, building of alliances for success, short life cycle of products, customer driven, differentiation as a competitive strategy, unpredictable markets, human resource development and employee empowerment, on-going learning, and a culturally diverse workforce (Head 125). Ways in which information technology has shifted the kind of work done by lower and upper level emp loyees As mentioned elsewhere in this discussion, information and communication technology has brought radical changes in the workplace, which have changed the kind of work done by both lower and upper level employees. The upper level employees basically work at managerial or supervisory ranks. With the advent of information and communication technology, the upper level employees may use information and communication technology to communicate and supervise their employees. This has reduced their presence in the organisations. They can also use electronic systems to evaluate or appraise the employees, thus coming up with new information from the employees within a very short time (Head 129). The lower level employees are the ones who perform most of the organisational work. They are supposed to be present at their workplace at all times. But with the advent of information and communication technology, many lower level employees are embarking on team networking, which has made it poss ible for them to be flexible through development of their working schedules. The team members may easily communicate with each other in the organisation and coordination of their work, making them achieve better results (Head 146). The impact of these changes on workplace relationships The above changes have increased understanding between the upper level and lower level employees. This is because of enhanced ability to pass any form of communication from either level. This has also reduced the number of conflicts between the two levels thus contributing to a cohesive organisational culture. The upper level employees and the lower level ones are also able to interact as frequent as possible, both physically and virtually. This has led to increased coordination, control and planning of organisational functions. The lower level employees are also able to interact with each other more freely thus leading to strong bonding, given that they share both work related information as well as personal related information (Head 155). Works Cited Head, Simon. The New Ruthless Economy: Work Power in the Digital Age. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.125-155. Wharton, Amy. Selected Material From Working In America: Continuity, Conflict, and Change, (3rd Ed.).New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Learning Solutions, 2006.44-168. This critical writing on Ways in Which Work Has Been Understood By Various Theorists was written and submitted by user Deborah Vega to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Pigs say No

Pigs say No Misunderstanding.I read an article about the misconception that people have for pigs. We tend to think that pigs are such lazy animals that only eat and sleep in their place. Before I read this article, I also thought like that as well. But this was a total "stereotype" that people made solely looking at their livelihood. As a matter of fact, pigs are actually diligent. The reason why people think pigs are lazy is because of where they stay. Pigs live in such a small place that they can really only eat and sleep there. If pigs are free, they would probably run like a horse(exaggeration). There were many other factors that I was not aware of in the article.Anyway, after reading this article, I was not only informed but had a chance to think about all the misunderstanding and stereotypes I had. Have you thought about it?ThinkingHm...for instance, you might think the people who work as a receptionist will have such an easy time. But it is not really. Have you thought about their backach e because of their sedentary work? You might think swans are so relaxed and calm, but as you may all know, = under the water their feet are working so hard. Like this, it is likely to cause misconceptions and stereotypes solely looking at the surface.I also thought about the misunderstandings in relationships. When I fight with my friends, most of the times, the reason was because misunderstandings. Thought when we fight, I don't think that I am thinking wrong or anything. I just think about my heartbreak, and the feel bad for myselfselfish little girl aren't I?Thinking once more, or thinking a little deeper could make a big difference in your life. You would...

Cartoon Strip Social Interactions

Cartoon Strip Social Interactions Introduced as Cartoon Strip Conversations by Carol Gray, creator of Social Stories, cartoon strips are an effective way to support the instruction of appropriate interactions to children with language and social deficits, especially children with autism spectrum disorders. Children with autism, or children with other social deficits due intellectual or physical challenges face difficulty with acquisition, performance and fluency in social skills. Cartoon Strip Social Interactions support all levels of challenge. For children who have difficulty with Acquisition, The cartoon strip offers very explicit, visual, step by step information on how to interact. For a child with difficulty with Performance, writing the interaction phrases in the bubbles creates a practice that will enhance performance. Finally, for children who have not attained Fluency, the Cartoon strip will give them opportunities to build fluency and mentor children who are still acquiring the skills. In each case, cartoon strips provide opportunities to acquire and practice social interactions that meet them where they are at. This is differentiation at its best. Using Cartoon Strip Interactions Not everyone can draw, so I have created resources for you to use. The cartoon strips have four to six boxes and have pictures of the people participating in the interactions. I am offering a range of interactions: requests, greetings, initiating social interactions, and negotiations. I also offer these across milieux: many children do not understand that we interact differently with an adult, especially an unfamiliar adult or an adult in authority, than we do with a peer in an informal social situation. These nuances need to be pointed out and students need to learn criteria to figure out the unwritten social conventions. Introduce the concepts: What is a request, or an initiation? You need to teach and model these first. Have a typical student, an aide, or a high functioning student help you model: A request: Could you help me find the library?A Greeting: Hi, Im Amanda. Or, Hello, Dr. Williams. Its nice to see you.An interaction initiation: Hi, Im Jerry. I dont think weve met before. Whats your name?A Negotiation: Can I have a turn? How about after five minutes? Can I set the alarm on my watch? Templates for Comic Strips for making requests. Templates and lesson plans for Comic Strips for Initiating Interactions with Groups. Model creating a strip: Walk through each step of creating your strip. Use an ELMO projector or an overhead. How will you start your interaction? What are some greetings you can use? Generate a number of different ideas, and write them on chart paper where you can refer to them again, later. The large Post It Notes from 3M are great because you can stack them and stick them around the room. Write: Have students copy your interaction: You will have them decide on their own greetings, etc., after they have done one conversation together and practiced it. Student Role Play: Lead your students through practicing the interaction you have created together: you might have them rehearse in pairs and then have a few groups perform for everyone: you can have all perform or a few depending on the size of your group. If you videotape the interaction, you can have students evaluate each others performance. Evaluate: Teaching your students to evaluate their own performance and the performance of their peers will help them generalize the same activity when they are in public. We typical folks do it all the time: Did that go well with the boss? Maybe that joke about his tie was a little off color. Hmmmm . . . hows the resume? Coach and prompt the elements you want students to evaluate, such as: Eye contact: are they looking at the person they are addressing. Do that count to 5 or 6, or do they stare?Proximity: Did they stand a good distance for a friend, a stranger, or an adult?Voice and pitch: Was their voice loud enough? Did they sound friendly?Body Language: Did they have quiet hands and feet? Were their shoulders turned to the person they were addressing? Teach Feedback Skills: Typical kids have trouble with this since in general, teachers are not very good at giving or receiving constructive criticism. Feedback is the only way we learn from our performance. Give it kindly and generously, and expect your students to start doing it. Be sure to include Pats (good stuff,) and Pans (not so good stuff.) Ask students for 2 pats for every pan: i.e.: Pat: You had good eye contact and a good pitch. Pan: You didnt stand still.

Weekly Journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Weekly Journal - Assignment Example To become what it is currently, family therapy underwent a lot of evolutions and changes. Many psychologists presented and tested their theories and approaches in solving family problems. Communication and information exchange are the basic sustaining elements of families. Psychologists and therapists also rely on communication as basic way of interacting with patients to ensure effective treatment (Nichols, 2013). When attending to patients, psychologists have a wide choice of theories that include Systems, Attachment and Social Construction Theories among others. As a professional and experienced counselor, one has to establish an open communication platform with the client. A counselor should not continue with counseling work until patients are willing to talk and participate in the therapy session. In addition, a professional counselor has to begin therapy by engaging with the patient alone, and then integrate the process to include other family members. Furthermore, a professional counselor has to analyze and consider many theories and be flexible as to the application in the given situation (Nichols, 2013). One of insights generated by the readings is that family therapy is a new concept that developed during 1950s. Another insight is that communication is important and basic in family therapy. Without effective communication, a therapist may not understand proper techniques or approaches to employ in treating a given situation (Nichols, 2013). Through class discussion, one is able to realize that family therapy is a new concept that is still developing. A student undertaking psychological studies has unlimited chances to enjoin in research and expansion of the concept of family therapy. Class discussion on the development of family therapy provides a view that there are no specific strategies and techniques in treating a troubled